TerraForming On Mars !

Based on experiences with Earth, the environment of a planet can be altered deliberately; however, the feasibility of creating an unconstrained planetary biosphere that mimics Earth on another planet has yet to be verified. Mars is usually considered to be the most likely candidate for terraforming.

 Carl Sagan, an astronomer, proposed the planetary engineering of Venus in an article published in the journal Science in 1961.Sagan imagined seeding the atmosphere of Venus with algae, which would convert water, nitrogen and carbon dioxide into organic compounds. As this process removed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect would be reduced until surface temperatures dropped to "comfortable" levels. The resulting carbon, Sagan supposed, would be incinerated by the high surface temperatures of Venus, and thus be sequestered in the form of "graphite or some involatile form of carbon" on the planet's surface. However, later discoveries about the conditions on Venus made this particular approach impossible. One problem is that the clouds of Venus are composed of a highly concentrated sulfuric acid solution. Even if atmospheric algae could thrive in the hostile environment of Venus' upper atmosphere, an even more insurmountable problem is that its atmosphere is simply far too thick—the high atmospheric pressure would result in an "atmosphere of nearly pure molecular oxygen" and cause the planet's surface to be thickly covered in fine graphite powder. This volatile combination could not be sustained through time. Any carbon that was fixed in organic form would be liberated as carbon dioxide again through combustion, "short-circuiting" the terraforming process

SHAPING THE UNIVERSE

From the clerks at our 14 Prospective Colony Permit offices to the metal workers building brand new terraform technology

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MARS-The planet's proximity and similarity to Earth.

Early speculation

Historical map of Mars from Giovanni Schiaparelli.		Mars canals illustrated by astronomer Percival Lowell, 1898.

Mars' polar ice caps were observed as early as the mid-17th century, and they were first proven to grow and shrink alternately, in the summer and winter of each hemisphere, by William Herschel in the latter part of the 18th century. By the mid-19th century, astronomers knew that Mars had certain other similarities to Earth, for example that the length of a day on Mars was almost the same as a day on Earth. They also knew that its axial tilt was similar to Earth's, which meant it experienced seasons just as Earth does — but of nearly double the length owing to its much longer year. These observations led to the increase in speculation that the darker albedo features were water, and brighter ones were land. It was therefore natural to suppose that Mars may be inhabited by some form of life.
In 1854, William Whewell, a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, who popularized the word scientist, theorized that Mars had seas, land and possibly life forms. Speculation about life on Mars exploded in the late 19th century, following telescopic observation by some observers of apparent Martian canals — which were however soon found to be optical illusions. Despite this, in 1895, American astronomer Percival Lowell published his book Mars, followed by Mars and its Canals in 1906, proposing that the canals were the work of a long-gone civilization. This idea led British writer H. G. Wells to write The War of the Worlds in 1897, telling of an invasion by aliens from Mars who were fleeing the planet’s desiccation.
Spectroscopic analysis of Mars' atmosphere began in earnest in 1894, when U.S. astronomer William Wallace Campbell showed that neither water nor oxygen were present in the Martian atmosphere.By 1909 better telescopes and the best perihelic opposition of Mars since 1877 conclusively put an end to the canal theory.

Mariner Crater, as seen by Mariner 4 in 1965. Pictures like this suggested that Mars is too dry for any kind of life.		Streamlined Islands seen by Viking orbiter showed that large floods occurred on Mars. Image is located in Lunae Palus quadrangle.

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Is There Life ElseWhere in Our Solar System ?

Allan Hills 84001 (commonly abbreviated ALH 84001 is a meteorite that was found in Allan Hills, Antarctica on December 27, 1984 by a team of U.S. meteorite hunters from the ANSMET project. Like other members of the group of SNCs  ALH 84001 is thought to be from Mars. However, it does not fit into any of the previously discovered SNC groups. On discovery, its mass was 1.93 kilograms (4.3 lb). It made its way into headlines worldwide in 1996 when scientists announced that it might contain evidence for microscopic fossils of Martian bacteria based on carbonate globules observed.

Meteorite fragment ALH 84001
Type	Achondrite
Clan	Martian meteorite
Grouplet	Orthopyroxenite
Composition	Low-Ca Orthopyroxene, Chromite, Maskelynite, Fe-rich carbonate
Shock stage	B
Weathering grade	A/B
Country	Antarctica
Region	Allan Hills, Far Western Icefield
Coordinates	76°55′13″S 156°46′25″ECoordinates: 76°55′13″S 156°46′25″E
Observed fall	No
Found date	1984
TKW	1930.9 g

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Evolution of life on Earth

The Cosmic Calendar is a scale in which the 13.7 billion year lifetime of the universe is mapped onto a single year. At this scale the Big Bang took place on January 1 at midnight, and the current time is mapped to December 31 at midnight. At this scale, there are 434 years per second, 1.57 million years per hour, and 37.7 million years per day. The concept was popularized by Carl Sagan in his book The Dragons of Eden and on his television series Cosmos as a way to conceptualize the vast amounts of time in the history of the universe.

Big Bang

Date	bya	Event
1 Jan	13.7	Big Bang, as seen through cosmic background radiation
11 May	8.8	Milky Way Galaxy formed
1 Sep	4.57	Sun formed (planets and Earth's moon soon thereafter)
16 Sep	4.0	Oldest rocks known on Earth

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Are We Alone !

is it possible that we are the lone intelligent beings in the universe ? Or does the universe teem with civilization
with whom we might someday join? This question probably has deeper philosophical implication than any other question in astronomy and hence is our number one mystery of the cosmos ! In this final mystery , We Will discuss this question and see why is has such profound implications for the future of human civilization !  

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